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Lotus rules, pg. 38: The first two paragraphs should read, "Cards in all areas are either face-up or face-down. Cards in discard piles and outside the game are always face-up. Effects that refer to face-up or face-down cards can target and affect such cards in all areas except 'outside the game.'
"Cards normally enter decks face-down. Cards normally enter play and discard piles, and leave the game, face-up. Cards normally enter any other play area, such as a Province or a player's hand, without changing their current facing." [Erratum to rulebook, JA, web, 11 October 2005]
If some effect makes the top card of a deck face-up (e.g., Isawa Sezaru), turn the card face-down before shuffling, then turn the top card of the shuffled deck back face-up. [JA, web, 25 November 2005]
Showing a card does not change its status as face-up or face-down. [ML, web, 25 November 2005]